论口供

口供作为刑事证据之一 ,在案件侦查和审理中所发挥的作用 ,历来为广大办案人员所重视。本文拟对口供的概念、历史、现状、属性、举证责任等进行论述。     

毒品案件中口供等言词证据的收集及运用

毒品案件审理过程中各类言词证据的收集,既要反对“口供是证据之王”的观点,更不能片面地理解“零口供”,只有全面的掌握案件事实,运用辩证的逻辑推理,才能使言词证据成为认定毒品案件的可靠手段。即:做好毒品犯罪嫌疑人供述和辩解(口供)的讯问笔录;全面收集证人证言;对查获的毒品交专门机构做出定性鉴定结论;言词证据应由实物证据来检验;严禁刑讯逼供和其他非法方式收集言词证据。     

How foreign policy recommendations are put together: A computational model with empirical applications

This paper presents and applies empirically a computational model of the way in which bona fide high level foreign policy recommendations by U.S. policy makers are assembled. We begin by pointing out that policy making can be seen as the connection of certain strings of words to other strings. We then discuss how these connections constitute certain types of foreign policy making phenomena as such. To theorize about such connections, one first needs to specify essential features of these phenomena, and we do so for one phenomenon: bona fide recommendations. We next turn to a discussion of the theory that links together the categories by which these features are represented. That theory explains how certain strings of words are assembled into new proximate goals, missions, and tools. The theory can be modeled computationally using the programming language Scheme, and we next present that model. We conclude by presenting a run of the model, showing the close fit between actual and generated strings.     

Picture–text congruence in translation: images of the Zen master on book covers and in verbal texts

The study aims to demonstrate how cover pictures and verbal texts are congruent with each other in presenting the Zen master Huineng in two English translations of the Platform Sutra. The focus is on the interpersonal/interactive meanings and the analytical tools adopted are systemic functional linguistics and Kress and van Leeuwen’s visual social semiotics. Results show that the visual techniques employed to depict Huineng on the book covers are in consistency with the verbal choices adopted to present Huineng in the translated texts. While the medium to close shot and eye-level angle complement the choice of speaker-plus “we” as dominant interactive subject person, and qualified statements and polite suggestions/commands in Wong’s translation, the very long shot matches the use of speaker “I” and addressee “you”, and categorical statements and direct commands in Cleary’s translation. In this way a consistent image of Huineng is presented in each translation: friendly and willing to be close to the viewer/audience in Wong’s translation, but authoritative and distant in Cleary’s translation.     

论同案犯罪嫌疑人、被告人口供的证据价值

同案犯罪嫌疑人、被告人口供是否具有证据价值,我国法学界与司法实践中对此问题存在不同认识。无论是国外法律,还是我国刑诉法的相关理论,都肯定了其证据的价值在于:一、从定案的角度,只有同案人的口供,没有其它证据证实,不能认定被告人有罪;二、从补充证据的角度,同案被告人的口供在任何情意下都具有相应的价值。     

口头辩论审理样式分析——以程序效率为视角

口头辩论原本是一种审理程序构造，是对书面主义下书面审理制诉讼程序的反动。在程序构造上，口头辩论审理样式表现为一系列以当事人之间口头诉答和法官听取为内容的口头辩论期日。通过口头方式使口头辩论本身蕴含的诸原则得以贯彻落实，并成为其有序高效运营的机理。以口头辩论审理样式为鉴，我国民事诉讼审理程序应从形式到内容贯彻落实口头审理样式蕴含的诸原则，以便使我国的民事审理程序既具口头辩论审理样式的外衣，也具其有序、高效的程序内涵。     

Medical data breaches: Notification delayed is notification denied

The EU and the United States have implemented data breach notification rules that cover the health sectors. Nevertheless, data breach incidents involving medical data continue to rise, especially in the US and the UK. The HITECH Act, Pub. L. 111-5 Title XIII is the first federal health breach notification law in the US to be characterized by less government intrusions, while the revised EU Privacy Directive, 2009/136/EC calls for tougher privacy protection for data held by electronic communication providers. While the EU law sets a global de facto standard, the law remains toothless without strong enforcement mechanisms.     

Verbal Ability and Persistent Offending: A Race-specific Test of Moffitt’s Theory

Theoretical questions linger over the applicability of the verbal ability model to African-Americans and the social control theory hypothesis that educational failure mediates the effect of verbal ability on offending patterns. Accordingly, this paper investigates whether verbal ability distinguishes between offending groups within the context of Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy. Questions are addressed with longitudinal data spanning childhood through young-adulthood from an ongoing national panel, and multinomial and hierarchical Poisson models (overdispersed). In multinomial models, low verbal ability predicts membership in a life-course-persistent-oriented group relative to an adolescent-limited-oriented group. Hierarchical models indicate that verbal ability is associated with arrest outcomes among White and African-American subjects, with effects consistently operating through educational attainment (high school dropout). The results support Moffitt’s hypothesis that verbal deficits distinguish adolescent-limited- and life-course-persistent-oriented groups within race, as well as the social control model of verbal ability.     

识别和应对谎言措施研究

讯问对象说谎时总是会出现心理上的障碍,并通过他的口头语言和身体语言信号表现出来。讯问人员要能够识别这些信号,并运用一定的讯问技巧来揭露和应对讯问对象的谎言。识别和应对谎言是讯问人员的必备技能,要通过讯问实践的不断地培养和训练才能具备。